How to provide safety protection for steel structure construction?

1、 Special analysis of the working environment and working conditions of welders on construction sites for building steel structures

　　1. Copper structure building types and installation process methods

　　Steel structure buildings can be divided into five categories: lightweight steel structures (including portal steel frames), heavy-duty steel structures, high-rise steel structures, spatial steel structures (including grid structures, mesh shells, and spatial trusses), and residential steel structures. This includes two processes: factory production and on-site installation. Steel structure construction is the process of hoisting and assembling processed components in a certain order to the designated design position, then measuring, correcting, connecting and fixing them, integrating them piece by piece and unit by unit, and finally forming a structural system. The installation process method is determined on site according to the type of steel structure engineering. Manual arc welding is commonly used for welding on construction sites, and tungsten inert gas welding and CO2 gas welding protective welding are used in special circumstances. Cutting methods: oxygen acetylene flame gas cutting, grinding wheel cutting.

　　2. Construction project management status

　　The construction of steel structure engineering adopts the project manager responsibility system, and there are significant differences in the quality and management level of project personnel. There is a common management situation where progress is emphasized and quality is emphasized while safety is ignored.

　　3. Working environment for welders on construction sites

　　The structural characteristics and installation process methods of steel structure engineering determine the working environment of welders:

　　(1) High altitude operations.

　　(2) Outdoor homework.

　　(3) Multi job cross construction operations.

　　(4) Limited operating space and working in environments with multiple obstacles.

　　(5) The operation location is variable and the on-site transportation is inconvenient.

　　(6) The construction site is limited, and there are many temporary materials and equipment piled up on site.

　　(7) Severe weather conditions such as high temperature, severe cold, rain, snow, fog, and wind.

　　(8) At night, in environments with dim light and low visibility.

　　(9) Environment in contact with live conductors and metal components.

　　(10) Exposure to environments containing flammable and explosive materials.

　　(11) Exposure to high temperature thermal radiation environment.

　　4. Working conditions for welders on construction sites

　　Compared with welders in other industries, welders on steel structure construction sites have more manual operations and lower levels of mechanization. The construction site has high mobility, and the logistics support on site generally cannot keep up. Safety investment is insufficient, labor protection supplies are not distributed in a timely manner, and protective measures are not implemented in place. The working and living environment and hygiene conditions are relatively poor.

　　2、 Analysis of Hazardous Factors for Welders on Construction Sites of Building Steel Structures

　　1. Electric shock. Welders have the highest probability of electric shock. Welders are prone to contact with directly charged objects such as welding tongs, welding rods, terminal posts, and high-voltage wires, as well as indirectly charged objects such as insulated cables, leaking welding machine casings, and charged metal structures. However, welders have defects or are not wearing personal protective equipment. In summer, they sweat profusely due to the presence of many node rods, limited operating space, numerous obstacles, short circuits in the grounding grid, malfunctioning leakage protection devices, and damaged insulation isolation at the welding station; Wet environments such as rain, snow, fog, etc; Insufficient lighting; Construction workers who violate safety operating procedures and casually close switches can easily cause electric shock accidents

　　2. Hazards of high-altitude falling: instability of climbing ladders and scaffold boards; Not wearing a seat belt during welding at the work site or walking on a pole without wearing a seat belt; Seat belt damage; The seat belt is hung low and used high, and the hanging rod is unstable; Failure to install a safety net; Heat stroke, dizziness, and standing too fast in high temperature environments; Welders step on empty spaces or slip in snowy, rainy, windy, and foggy environments; When cutting components, the components suddenly separate and the tension strikes the operator; Electric shock instability: Welders working at heights while sick.

　　3. Object impact. Hazard factors are analyzed from two aspects. One welder was injured: there was no isolation protection at the cross operation site. Secondly, welder injuries: tools and materials at the welder's work site slip off, the welder casually discards waste, cutting parts detach, spot welded parts are not securely fixed, and structural parts tip over.

　　4. Fire and explosion hazards: There are flammable and explosive gasoline, paint, gas cylinders, and decorative materials around or below the welding or cutting points in the cross operation site. The distance is not enough and no isolation measures have been taken. There are no monitoring measures or fire-fighting facilities; There is a spark phenomenon at the welding return line overlap of the storage point of flammable and explosive materials: personal protective equipment is contaminated with grease, and gas leakage control valves, cutting guns, gas belts, and gas cylinder cutting tools are used; Gas cylinder explosion under high temperature; Bad habits such as blowing work clothes with oxygen can cause fire and explosion accidents.

　　5. Hazardous factors of electric arc burns; Close the power switch when the welding tongs are short circuited or open the power switch while operating, causing arcing and injuring hands; Welding operations without wearing personal protective equipment, resulting in electric arc injuries to hands, eyes, or other exposed skin.

　　6. Risk factors for burns: Contact with welding seams, cutting seams, or uncooled workpieces, failure to wear protective equipment.

　　7. Risk factors for heatstroke: Continuous welding in high temperature weather environment, and excessive sweating by welders. Improper construction organization and blind rush to meet schedule. The heatstroke prevention and cooling measures are not in place.

　　8. The various accidents and specific factors that are prone to occur among welders on construction sites can be summarized into three major elements: people, materials, and environment. The human factor includes the welder himself, other workers on site, and management personnel. The unsafe behavior of these three types of personnel can cause chaos on the construction site or directly harm the welder. The factors of objects include equipment, tools, materials, components, and protective equipment involved in welding operations, and the unsafe state of these objects constitutes a hazardous factor. Environmental factors mainly refer to the environment of operation sites such as high-altitude operations, cross operations, outdoor operations, and harsh weather conditions. Next is the soft environment of project management level. Chaotic project management can directly lead to accidents and pose a threat to welders.